Instructor: Prof. Chris Ormel
New Physics Building, 2nd floor, E223
chrisormel@tsinghua.edu.cn
Teaching Assistant: Tian Yi (易天)
yit23@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
Time: Thursday 19:20—21:45
Course layout
course number is 40920013-90
planet detection techiques: radial velocity method, transits, microlensing, astrometry, direct imaging
The two body problem, orbital elements, resonances, numerical integration techniques; three body problem, Lagrange points, tides, Earth-Moon system
distances, radiation, magnitudes, HR-diagram, atmospheres
Equations of States: degenerate matter, hydrostatic balance, polytropes
Nuclear fusion: energy reservoirs, proton-proton & CNO cycle, nucleosynthesis
Star formation: virial theorem, Jeans mass, initial mass function, Eddington Luminosity, Dispersion relationship, gravitational instability
Planet formation: protoplanetary disks, disk instability and core accretion, gravitational focusing and runaway growth
mean free path and opacity, energy transport, stellar structure equations, stellar evolution, features in HR-diagram, homology, burning sequences, nucleosynthesis
2nd edition; Carroll & Ostlie (2006); Main reference book for this course (but not all chapters will be discussed!) [jd.com]
(Astronomy and Astrophysics Library) 3 STG Edition by Kippenhahn, Rudolf, Weigert, Alfred published by Springer (1996)
by Murray & Dermott, Cambridge University Press (1999)
by Armitage, Cambridge University Press (2009)
by Tremaine, Cambridge University Press (2009)
o
for slide overview
Don't forget to read the small fonts. I may skip some details in class, but it may help you to comprehend the material when you reviewing it.
You need to be able to follow, understand, and derive yourself the material presented on the blackboard.
Some material may not be covered in the book! So, do attend the lectures!
You need to be able to follow, understand, and derive yourself the material presented on the blackboard.
Wikipedia is today's Library of Alexandria. A true gem, indispensable to the modern scientist.
I have tried to place references (links) as much as possible. You should do the same in your reporting.
Like most astronomers, I will use the cgs (centimeter-gram-seconds) or Gaussian unit system.
The most radical difference with SI units is that the Gauss unit system omits proportionality constants in the electromagnetic laws. For example, the Coulomb law becomes
That is, without the proportionality constant of
.
The drawback of this choice is that other electromagnetic laws — notably Maxwell's equations — also look different. But we won't use them in this course
In your problem sets, you are welcome to use SI units. But take care and be consistent!
unit | cgs unit | abbrev. | SI unit |
---|---|---|---|
length | centimeter | cm | 10-2m |
time | seconds | s | 1 s |
mass | gram | g | 10-3 kg |
energy | erg | erg | 10-7 J |
pressure | erg cm-3 | 10-1 Pa | |
magnetic-B | Gauss | G | 10-4 T |
cgs units |
constant | symbol | cgs value | unit | SI value | unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Astronomical unit | au | 1.496×1013 | cm | 1.496×1011 | m |
Atomic mass constant | mu | 1.661×10-24 | g | 1.661×10-27 | kg |
Boltzmann constant | k | 1.381×10−16 | erg K-1 | 1.381×10−23 | J K-1 |
Electron mass | me | 9.109×10−28 | g | 9.109×10−31 | kg |
Electron volt | eV | 1.602×10−12 | erg | 1.602×10−19 | J |
Elementary charge | e | 4.803×10−10 | cm3/2 g1/2 s-1 | 1.602×10−19 | C |
Gravitational constant | G | 6.674×10−8 | cm3 g-1 s-2 | 6.674×10−11 | m3 kg-1 s-2 |
Planck constant | h | 6.626×10−27 | erg s | 6.626×10−34 | J s |
Solar luminosity | L⊙ | 3.828×1033 | erg s-1 | 3.828×1026 | W |
Solar radius | R⊙ | 6.957×1010 | cm | 6.957×108 | m |
Solar mass | M⊙ | 1.988×1033 | g | 1.988×1030 | kg |
Speed of light in vacuum | c | 2.998×1010 | cm s-1 | 2.998×108 | m s-1 |
Some (fundamental) constants in cgs and SI units |
Dimensional analysis:
you will not get the numerical prefactor right
Order-of-magnitude (OOM) calculations
to estimate the significance of an effect without performing a "lengthy" derivation
Example of OOM problems
Grade = 0.2
PS
+ 0.2
Exam/quiz
+0.1 max(
Exam/quiz
,
in-class quizzes
)
+0.2 max(
Presentation,[Report†]
)
+0.2 max(
Exam/problems,
PS,
[Report†]
)
)
+0.1 max2(
Exam/problems,
PS,
[Report†]
)
Course Elements and Grade contribution
In addition, the score can also be used towards one of the Free Areas
Similar to the Problem Sets. The score can contribute towards one of the Free Areas (below)
Similar to the in-class quizzes. Multiple choice questions
you may substitute your score for the Exam (Quiz part) here
Every students gives a presentation about their project. Scheduled for the final 2 weeks. The score on the presentation can be replaced by the report.
This is optional. You can replace the score of the Presentation with it OR count it towards one of the Free space (but not both!)
Grade = 0.2
PS
+ 0.2
Exam/quiz
+0.1 max(
Exam/quiz
,
in-class quizzes
)
+0.2 max(
Presentation,[Report†]
)
+0.2 max(
Exam/problems,
PS,
[Report†]
)
)
+0.1 max2(
Exam/problems,
PS,
[Report†]
)
More grade optimization
The best of the above three elements
Like the above, where we take the 2nd-best score
Grade = 0.2
PS
+ 0.2
Exam/quiz
+0.1 max(
Exam/quiz
,
in-class quizzes
)
+0.2 max(
Presentation,[Report†]
)
+0.2 max(
Exam/problems,
PS,
[Report†]
)
)
+0.1 max2(
Exam/problems,
PS,
[Report†]
)
Examples
Name | PS | Ex/Q | Ex/Pr | in-class Q. | Present. | Report | Free Area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ann | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | — | — | 0.2 | I=PS; II=Ex/Pr |
Ben | 0.4 | 0.2 | — | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | I=PS; II=Report |
Caro | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | I=Report; II=Ex/Pr |
Donald | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | — | 0.2 | — | I=Ex/Pr; II=PS |
contribution of various components to the final grade |
for the Stars and Planets course
PS will be distributed on the day when the module is first discussed in class. They must be returned one week after the last day the module has been covered in class
you should be able to motivate and reproduce your solution independently. We will be very strict on academic misconduct. Do NOT blindly copy homework from others. Do NOT conduct in plagiarism when writing reports. Always state references.
you do not learn anything when asking chatGPT to solve the problems for you, it will lead to lower grades, and it will take the TA much more effort to grade. Same rules as under collaboration apply. If you cannot reproduce your own solution or you cannot explain your methodology, you will get 0 points for the entire PS.
\begin{equation} E=mc^2 \end{equation}
No need to write down the numerical values if these have already been stated.
When asked ("What is", "Give the value", etc...) do give the numerical value at the end!
Suggestion: start with your primary answer and state additional arguments in brackets. (We will ignore them when they are wrong)
\begin{equation} E=mc^2 \end{equation}
No need to write down the numerical values if these have already been stated.
When asked ("What is", "Give the value", etc...) do give the numerical value at the end!
Suggestion: start with your primary answer and state additional arguments in brackets. (We will ignore them when they are wrong)
\begin{equation} E=mc^2 \end{equation}
No need to write down the numerical values if these have already been stated.
When asked ("What is", "Give the value", etc...) do give the numerical value at the end!
Suggestion: start with your primary answer and state additional arguments in brackets. (We will ignore them when they are wrong)
\begin{equation} E=mc^2 \end{equation}
No need to write down the numerical values if these have already been stated.
When asked ("What is", "Give the value", etc...) do give the numerical value at the end!
Suggestion: start with your primary answer and state additional arguments in brackets. (We will ignore them when they are wrong)
\begin{equation} E=mc^2 \end{equation}
No need to write down the numerical values if these have already been stated.
When asked ("What is", "Give the value", etc...) do give the numerical value at the end!
Suggestion: start with your primary answer and state additional arguments in brackets. (We will ignore them when they are wrong)
for dummies
—By Tian Yi—
TA Tian Yi will provide a tutorial how to use python/matplotlib
and related packages. In this tutorial you will learn:
python3
, matplotlib
, jupyter lab
, rebound
The tutorial is voluntarily but strongly recommended, especially if you do not know how to make plots. I suggest:
Tian Yi will send out a WeChat questionnaire on this
You will be conducting a research project in the area of numerical gravitational dynamics. The procedure is the following:
See Tsinghua Cloud. The performance must be satisfactory, as judged by TA Tian Yi.
A fuller description on each of these topcis will be provided. The deadline to complete the problems and pick a project is 30 April. Projects are distributed on a first come, first serve basis. More challenging projects (two stars) may take more effort, but can achieve higher scores. If you miss the deadline, you will be assigned a standard project.
You are expected to address the questions raised in the description. But you are free to widen the scope of the research.
This is optional. See grading procedure.
topic | level |
---|---|
standard problems | |
Hill sphere interactions | |
disintegrating exoplanets | |
particle settling in disks | |
particle orbital decay in disks | |
advanced problems | |
pebble accretion | ☆ |
the Earth-Moon system | ☆ |
stability in αCentauri | ☆ |
resonance trapping | ☆ |
planet orbit crossing | ☆ |
Kozai-Lidov oscillations | ☆ |
challenging problems | |
viscous stirring | ☆☆ |
planetesimal scattering & accretion | ☆☆ |
the solar system back in time | ☆☆ |
day | agenda | notes |
---|---|---|
27.02 | Quiz-1 start M2/Dynamics | |
02.03 10:00 | matplotlib tutorial (TA Tian Yi) | outside regular class; optional |
06.03 | continue M2/Dynamics Project Introduction | deadline PS-1 |
13.03 | finish? M2/Dynamics Discuss PS-1 | |
.... | (2 other March lectures) | |
.... | (4 April lectures) | |
end April | deadline to finalize the topic of your mini-research | |
01.05 | Labor day — no class | |
... | (3 other May lectures) | |
29.05 | project presentations | |
05.06 | project presentations | Last teaching day |
TBD | exam | |
upcoming schedule |
day | agenda | notes |
---|---|---|
20.02 | M0/Introduction + Quiz-0 M1/Exoplanets... M2/Dynamics | Quiz-0 is not graded |
27.02 | start/continue M2/Dynamics | |
TBD | matplotlib tutorial (TA Tian Yi) | outside regular class; optional |
05.03 | continue M2/Dynamics Project Introduction | deadline PS-1 |
.... | (3 other March lectures) | |
.... | (4 April lectures) | |
end April | deadline to finalize the topic of your mini-research | |
01.05 | Labor day — no class | |
... | (3 other May lectures) | |
29.05 | project presentations | |
05.06 | project presentations | Last teaching day |
TBD | exam | |
upcoming schedule |